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Abbrev mode expands abbreviations as you type them. To turn it on in a specific buffer, use M-x abbrev-mode. To turn it on in every buffer by default, put this in your .emacs file:
(setq-default abbrev-mode t)
To turn it on in a specific mode, use:
(add-hook 'mymode-mode-hook
(lambda ()
(setq abbrev-mode t)))
If your Emacs version is older then 22.1, you will also need to use:
(condition-case ()
(quietly-read-abbrev-file)
(file-error nil))